Andorra was subsequently governed jointly by representatives of the Spanish bishop of Urgel and of the French head of state, each of whom received an annual payment of a token tribute. Andorra's seven-century-old dual allegiance to two princes, one in Spain and one in France, originated in the late 13th century in a proprietary quarrel between the Spanish bishops of Urgel and the French heirs to the countship of Urgel. Charlemagne's grandson, Charles II, granted Andorra to the counts of Urgel, from whom it passed to the bishops of Urgel. Andorra's independence is traditionally ascribed to Charlemagne, who recovered the region from the Muslims in AD 803 and to his son Louis I the Pious, who granted the inhabitants a charter of liberties. With an area of 181 square miles (468 square km), it is one of the smallest states in Europe. Catalan and Spanish, French Andorre, officially Principality of Andorra or Principat d'Andorra small independent European coprincipality situated among the south slopes of the Pyrenees Mountains and bounded by Spain (south and west) and by France (north and east). The traditional economy was based on sheep raising, but tourism grew in importance since the 1950s to become central to Andorra's economy by the early 21st century.ģ. Andorra has long had a strong affinity with Catalonia its institutions are based in Catalonian law and it is part of the diocese of Urgel (Spain). This feudal system of government, the last in Europe, lasted until 1993, when a constitution was adopted that transferred most of the coprinces' powers to the Andorran General Council, which is elected by universal suffrage. It was placed under the joint suzerainty of the French counts of Foix and the Spanish bishops of Urgel in 1278 and it was subsequently governed jointly by the Spanish bishop of Urgel and the French head of state. Andorra's independence is traditionally ascribed to Charlemagne, who recovered the region from the Muslims in AD 803. Much of the population is Spanish a minority is Andorran. Lying on the southern slopes of the Pyrenees Mountains, it consists of a cluster of mountain valleys whose streams form the Valira River it is bounded by Spain and France.

officially Principality of Andorra Independent coprincipality, southeastern Europe.

Principality of Andorra, principality in the eastern Pyrenees (between France and Spain) which is under the joint political control of France and SpainĢ.

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